economy; finance 有什么区别?

在托福写作评分标准里，对语言的要求是这样的：

5分：Effective use of a variety of syntactic structures and pcise, idiomatic word choice

5分/满分要求是能：精准，地道地选择词汇.

4分：A variety of syntactic structures and appropriate word choice

4分/25分档要求是：恰当正确地使用词汇.看起来很简单，但非常考察同学们词汇基本功。所以，老师会时不时挑选一些在批改团里同学们作业里出现的常见用词错误，给大家纠正一下，实现-正确，恰当，地道使用。

今天要区分的是很多同学分不清楚几个跟“钱/经济”相关的表达。

economy. vs. financeEconomy

从词根来源来看:

late 15th century(in the sense‘managementof material resources’): fromFrenchéconomie, or viaLatinfromGreekoikonomia‘householdmanagement’, based onoikos‘house’+nemein‘manage’. Current senses date from the 17th century.

来源比较复杂,我们不用搞那么清楚。从中我们依稀能看出 economy中的"-nomy" 和“manage”很相似。所以从源头上看，就有“精打细算，仔细管理”的意思。

所以延伸出来表示“节省”. 如果“仔细管理一个国家/社会/家庭的经济状况“，那么就变成了我们常知道的”经济“.

例句：

1[C, U] avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc)（金钱、力气、时间、资源等的）节省, 节约*practise economy 实行节约[attrib 作定语] * an economy pack, 经济装（减价发售的大包装货品）* economy class, 经济舱

2、[C] (often 常作 the economy) operation and management of a country's money supply, tradeand industry; economic system （国家的）经济管理; 经济制度

*The state of the economy is very worrying. 目前的经济状况令人十分担忧.

*political economy 政治经济学* domestic economy 国内经济.

因为economy 本身有2个含义，所以也有2个形容词：

（1）economic. adj.

1 [attrib 作定语] of economics

(1), or of an economy 经济学的; 经济的

*the government's economic policy 政府的经济政策* economic development 经济发展

2 designed to give a profit 为获取利润的; 有利可图的

* It is not always economic for buses to run on Sundays. 公共汽车星期日行驶不一定准能赚钱.

（2）economical. adj.adj careful in the spending of money, time, etc and in the use of resources; not wasteful经济的; 节俭的; 省时间的; 节约的

*an economical car 节油汽车/经济型汽车

* She is economical with/in her use of salt when cooking. 她烹饪时用盐很省.

finance

根据Webster词典释义，

The wordfinancealso emerged in the 15th century but from Anglo-Frenchfiner, meaning "to end" as well as "to pay," and similarly in English referred to an end or payment. In the 18th century, the word came to refer to pecuniary resources and the management of funds.

从中我们可以看出，finance 来自-词根: finer: 意思是“to end 结束”和"to pay 付钱"。

之后，finance 开始表达 pecuniray(adj. 金钱的)resources和 management of funds管理资金.所以，finance. 的含义是：

1 [U] management of (esp public) money 财务的管理; （尤指）财政

*an expert in finance 财务专家

* the Minister of Finance 财政部长.

2 [U] ~ (for sth) money used or needed to support an undertaking 资金

*Finance for the National Health Service comes from taxpayers.国家卫生局的资金来自纳税人的税款.

2 finances [pl] money available to a person, company or country（个人、公司或国家）可动用的钱, 财源, 财力

*Are the firm's finances sound? 这家公司的财务状况可靠吗?

financial. adj. concerning money and finance 财务的; 金融的; 财政的financial aid. 助学金financial backer. 出资人financial futures market. n. 金融期货市场

所以，大家也能明白， fine. 表示“很好”，也可以做为动词:fine. v.罚款

*fined for dangerous driving 因危险驾驶而被罚款