2023年HIEEC哈佛经济学论文竞赛题目解析

哈佛国际经济学论文大赛（HIEEC）由哈佛大学本科生经济学协会（HUEA）和《哈佛大学经济评论》（HCER）联合主办。本次论文比赛面向所有高中生，不仅可以磨炼学术能力和写作水平，更能向潜在雇主展示自己的专业技能，获得更多学术项目。
近日HIEEC官方已放出赛题！机构的经济学科老师在第一时间对题目进行了解析，让我们一起来看看今年都出了哪些题目吧！

题目1：

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to affect growth, inequality, productivity, innovation, and employment. OpenAI’sChatGPT, in particular, has greatly increased public awareness about the significance of AI and its implications for the future. What impact will the development of AI have on economic inequality, the composition of the workforce, and economic output as a whole? How can nations prepare for the micro and macroeconomic changes brought about by AI?

人工智能 (AI) 的进步有可能影响增长、不平等、生产力、创新和就业。尤其是 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT，极大地提高了公众对人工智能重要性及其对未来影响的认识。人工智能的发展将对经济不平等、劳动力构成和整体经济产出产生什么影响？各国如何应对人工智能带来的微观和宏观经济变化？

导师解读：随着科技发展，常规和低技能工作岗位可能会减少，对高技能工作岗位的需求随之增加。思考工资、职业结构会有何变化？人工智能能否通过提高生产力来促进经济增长？在面对这些变化时，政策上应该如何应对，以确保人工智能的好处能够广泛受益并在受监管的道德框架下使用？

题目2：

Measuring national and global economic activity allows us to understand how economies change in size and structure—how they grow and contract. In addition to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), government budgets, and the money supply, alternatives like the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross National Income (GNI) are used to assess economic progress. What are the advantages of our current economic indices, including GDP, HDI, GNI, government budgets, and the money supply, and in what areas are they lacking? Which of these indices do you find most helpful, and how can we enhance or combine them to improve our understanding of economic measurement?

衡量国家和全球经济活动使我们能够了解经济规模和结构如何变化——如何增长和收缩。除了国内生产总值（GDP）、政府预算和货币供应量之外，人类发展指数（HDI）和国民总收入（GNI）等替代指标也被用来评估经济进展。我们现在的GDP、HDI、GNI、政府预算、货币供应量等经济指标有哪些优势，又在哪些方面有所欠缺？您认为这些指数中哪些最有帮助？我们如何增强或结合它们以提高我们对经济衡量的理解？

导师解读：GDP、HDI、GNI、政府预算和货币供应这些指标，各自存在一些局限性。可以通过结合其他相关维度，如收入分配，来改进。选择哪些指标的关键在于具体背景和目标分析，思考这些指标分别在什么情况下可能更有帮助？

题目3：

Proponents of income redistribution support the idea that redistribution policies will increase economic stability and give more opportunities to the less wealthy. Others, however, are more skeptical and believe it could have negative consequences for economic growth. Current methods of redistribution include taxation, welfare, public services, and other monetary policies. What strategies for income redistribution should the U.S. adopt from other countries? What economic impacts could a wealth tax or super millionaire tax have? What type of redistribution is most effective and feasible? What would be the impacts of the U.S. enacting universal basic income? Discuss the implications of any of these issues and feel free to expand on other areas of economic redistribution.

收入再分配的支持者支持这样的观点，即再分配政策将提高经济稳定性，并为较不富裕的人提供更多机会。然而，其他人则持怀疑态度，认为这可能会对经济增长产生负面影响。目前的再分配方式包括税收、福利、公共服务和其他货币政策。美国应该借鉴其他国家哪些收入再分配策略？财富税或超级百万富翁税会产生什么经济影响？哪种类型的再分配是最有效和可行的？美国实施全民基本收入会产生什么影响？讨论这些问题的影响，并随意扩展经济再分配的其他领域。

导师解读：我们可以借鉴其他OECD发达国家改善贫富差距的政策。其中，财富税或富豪税可以成为重要的经济来源，用于财富再分配。除此之外，征税所得的一部分资金还可以用于其他方面。思考如何平衡财富再分配和经济增长的动力，以实现社会公平和经济繁荣？

题目4：

As the United States weighs the impacts of China’s rise to global prominence, economics and national security have become increasingly intertwined. As a result, the United States government has imposed both tariffs and investment restrictions on China to limit the nation’s access to both US markets and intellectual property (specifically in sensitive industries such as semiconductors). What are the economic implications of these policies for United States firms, consumers, and workers? Discuss the most important perspectives of the US-China trade war and provide suggestions on how both countries can manage the prospect of a changing economic order.

当美国权衡中国崛起的全球影响力时，经济和国家安全变得越来越相互交织。结果，美国政府对中国征收关税和投资限制，以限制中国进入美国市场和知识产权（特别是在半导体等敏感行业）。这些政策对美国企业、消费者和工人有何经济影响？讨论中美贸易战最重要的观点，并就两国如何应对经济秩序变化的前景提供建议。

导师解读：贸易战对供应链和就业造成了负面影响。美国的进口减少，全球供应链遭到干扰，就业机会也因此减少。当提供建议时，可以思考该采取怎样的贸易政策去维护公平竞争框架？如何平衡国内产业的保护和国际竞争的需要？