一年一度,剑桥大学的马歇尔经济学学会再次举办了经济学论文比赛。这项比赛为高中学生提供了一个展示其对经济理论理解和论证的绝佳机会。
今年的论文主题涵盖了经济领域的广泛内容,包括人工智能对劳动市场的影响、对经济理论的反思、税收优惠政策和人口变化、世界主要大国经济脱钩、生活质量标准比较、以及经济学作为一门学科的未来发展等问题。
2023年题目参考书单及写作思路
01、In what ways could Artificial Intelligence reshape the labour market? Will it usher in Keynes’ ‘age of leisure’?
人工智能会以哪些方式重塑劳动力市场?它会迎来凯恩斯所说的 “闲暇时代” 吗?
本题适合科技控和凯恩斯的迷弟迷妹们。
阅读清单:
• "The Future of Work: Robots, AI, and Automation" by Darrell M. West
• "The Second Machine Age" by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee
• "AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order" by Kai-Fu Lee
• "Keynes: The Return of the Master" by Robert Skidelsky
写作思路建议:
你可以探讨自动化的增长趋势,以及它可能导致的工作岗位的消失和新工作的诞生。在AI驱动未来的背景下,评估凯恩斯的’休闲时代’的理念,讨论“闲暇时代”成立的假设。
02、‘Policymakers can’t exploit the Phillips curve to reduce unemployment due to the Lucas critique.’ Evaluate this statement.
“根据卢卡斯的论点,决策者无法利用菲利普斯曲线来降低失业率”,评估这个观点。
本题适合对宏观经济学理论和模型
(尤其是新古典主义)感兴趣的同学们。
阅读清单:
• "Macroeconomic Priorities" by Robert Lucas
• "Inflation and Unemployment: The Evolution of the Phillips Curve" by Richard G. Lipsey
• "Expectations and the Neutrality of Money" by Robert Lucas
写作思路建议:
同学们需要熟练掌握菲利普斯曲线和卢卡斯批判的经济学理论,结合大量的实际宏观经济数据,对菲利普斯曲线是否成立展开论述。此外也可抓住卢卡斯批判的成立假设做出讨论。
03、The US Federal Child Tax Credit is scheduled to revert from $2,000 to $1,000 by 2025. Is this policy a mistake?
美国联邦儿童税收抵免计划将在2025年从2000美元降至1000美元。这项政策是否错误?
本题适合对人口经济学感兴趣的同学们。
阅读清单:
• "The Effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" by William G. Gale, Hilary Gelfond, Aaron Krupkin, Mark J. Mazur, Eric Toder
• "The Long-Term Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Children’s Education and Employment Outcomes" by Jacob Bastian and Katherine Michelmore
• "Welfare Reform and the Well-being of Children" by Greg J. Duncan and P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale
写作思路建议:
建议同学们在写作前先充分调研美国人口数据,尤其是新生人口数据。调研后可以评估儿童税收抵免政策的经济和社会效应。可探讨该政策对贫困和不平等、少数族裔、移民等影响。运用利益相关者分析,站在不同相关者的角度来评价降低税收抵免是否是一个错误。
04、Tensions between the US and China have been steadily increasing. Is it in the US’ interest to decouple from China economically?
美国和中国之间的紧张局势一直在加剧。对于美国来说,从经济上与中国脱钩是否符合其利益?
本题适合对政治经济学感兴趣的同学们。
阅读清单:
• The Hundred-Year Marathon: China's Secret Strategy to Replace America as the Global Superpower" by Michael Pillsbury
• "Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap?" by Graham Allison
• "US vs China: From Trade War to Reciprocal Deal" by Thomas Weir Pauken II
• "The China-US Trade War and Future Economic Relations" by Lawrence J. Lau
写作思路建议:
分析美国与中国经济脱钩的潜在得失。考虑对贸易、技术、全球化、供应链、内部经济因素、可能造成的外部性的影响。
05、‘There were no meaningful long-run changes in living standards until the Industrial Revolution.’ Discuss.
“工业革命之前,人民生活水平没有发生过有意义的长期变化。”讨论这一观点。
本题适合对古代经济史感兴趣的同学们。
阅读清单:
• "The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy" by Kenneth Pomeranz
• "The Industrial Revolutionaries: The Making of the Modern World, 1776-1914" by Gavin Weightman
• "Standards of Living in the Later Middle Ages: Social Change in England c.1200-1520" by Christopher Dyer
• "The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100: Europe, America, and the Third World" by Robert Fogel
写作思路建议:
同学们可以尝试在文章讨论工业革命前后生活标准、生产力、人均预期寿命等多个经济变量的变化。研究工业革命如何改变了经济结构,从而提高了生活水平。文章中如果添加大量栩栩如生的图表和图片相信会很好的体现出前后的差异。
06、Has Economics run out of big new ideas? If so, what are the implications? If not, justify with an example.
经济学研究是否已经没有重要的新观点了?如果确实如此,其影响是什么?如果不是,请举例说明。
本题适合对经济哲学感兴趣的同学们。
阅读清单:
• "Economics Rules: The Rights and Wrongs of the Dismal Science" by Dani Rodrik
• "The Evolution of Economic Thought" by Stanley Brue and Randy Grant
• "Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist" by Kate Raworth
• "The Great Economists: How Their Ideas Can Help Us Today" by Linda Yueh
写作思路建议:
讨论经济学领域的创新思想,比如环境经济学、行为经济学或现代货币理论,或者探讨经济学缺乏新的大思想可能导致的后果。本文写作需要学生平常在人文社科领域有广泛涉猎的同学,需要作者对经济学的学科范围乃至前沿方向有一定了解。
论文准备时间线
• 7月初到7月中旬:选择主题和进行阅读
• 7月下旬:构建论文框架和思路
• 8月初:开始写作,修改和编辑
• 8月中旬:进行最后的修改和审查,准备提交