Junior WSD比赛中Rebuttal的不同方法分享

Rebuttal是辩论比赛中的重要技能之一

但这个环节也容易产生误区

比方说有的同学会以为提出一个反例

就可以推翻对方的论点了

结果却是一拳打在了棉花上

今天我们继续邀请到了

资深教练Robert Raos为大家介绍 Junior WSD比赛中 Rebuttal的不同方法 让你在赛场上更有效地反驳对手！

Robert Raos

超6年World School/BP辩论及教学经验

Radboud大学辩论队主席

曾获多项国际辩论赛事冠军，包括欧洲Queer公开赛2020，芝加哥公开赛2022等。

Junior World Schools debating is not a public speaking competition. The winning team is not the one that makes the most beautiful rhetorical flourishes, the one that is the most fluent in English, or the one that is the best at using powerful language. Rather, the winning team is the one that proves their arguments and disproves the arguments of the enemy team. Engagement with the opposing bench is a prerequisite for any major success in Junior World Schools Debating. Responding to, attacking, or flipping the claims by the enemy team in Junior WSD is called rebuttal. This article will delve into the art of rebuttal and outline the different ways rebuttal can be used to help you succeed in Junior World Schools Debating.

Junior WSD和公开演讲比赛的不同在于，胜出的队伍不一定是修辞最优美、英语最流利、最善于使用有力语言的队伍，而是能够证明我方论点并反驳对方论点的队伍。与对方辩手的较量是在Junior WSD比赛中取得关键胜利的先决条件。在Junior WSD比赛中，对敌方队伍的主张进行回应、攻击或逆转，称为反驳（Rebuttal）。本文将深入探讨Rebuttal的艺术，并概述Rebuttal的不同方式，帮助大家在Junior WSD比赛中取得成功。

Rebuttal refers to the different tactics a team can use to engage with the enemy team. The common goal of all of them is to disprove, mitigate, or overtake a claim. Interestingly, providing a counterexample is not sufficient to rebut an argument. This debate format is primarily about logic and analysis, hence real-world empirical examples are not seen as sufficient to take down an argument.

Instead, the target of your attack should be the analysis presented by the enemy.

When listening to an argument, you need to write down the mechanisms the other team forwards. One of the most common ways to rebut them is to attack their mechanisms.

#1、Prove That It Isn't True

否定论点真实性

The first way to attack a mechanism is to prove that it isn't true. Explain the reasons why a claim that your opponents are making does not occur.

For example, if an enemy team argues that living in a city provides more job opportunities for young people, then highlighting how the economy has increased demand for manual labor in rural areas disproves this claim.

#2 、Question Its Likelihood

质疑论点可能性

Another way to attack an argument is to question its likelihood. That is, even if a claim might be logically true, it is uncertain how likely it is.

If the enemy team posits that violent video games make people commit violent crimes, it is reasonable to respond by saying that – while this is a possibility – it is highly unlikely given that most people are capable of separating reality from fiction.

#3、Provide Counter-mechanization

提供反机制

One of the best ways to attack an argument is to flip it. What that means is proving that the impact your enemy is trying to claim happens more on your side of the house.

If your opponent is claiming that lower taxation leads to faster economic growth then, by successfully proving that high taxation leads to faster economic growth, you succeed in flipping their arguments.

The way you achieve this is by providing counter-mechanization. You give better mechanisms than the enemy team as to why the impact they are trying to gain happens exclusively on your side of the house.

#4Reducing The Scope Of Impact

削弱论点影响力

Another popular form of rebuttal is called mitigation. Mitigation refers to reducing the scope of impact of the enemy argument. When you are unable to defeat or flip an argument, mitigation should be your go-to strategy.

For example, arguing that movies and video games usually have an age restriction that prevents children from being exposed to violent content mitigates the impact of the argument previously described. It may still be logically sensible that video games may cause violence, but the introduction of age restrictions reduces the harm of this claim.

#5Counter-impacting

反证论点影响力

The final form of rebuttal and my personal favorite is counter-impacting. In many cases, you can accept the analysis of the enemy team and just argue that the thing they claim is bad is actually good – or vice versa.

For instance, if the enemy team successfully proves that students spend less time studying in public schools compared to private schools, they may say this is a negative consequence of public schooling. A perfectly legitimate response to this would be to accept the fact that students study less in public schools – but – this is actually a good thing since it gives kids more free time to enjoy their childhood and explore other interests.

All of the aforementioned types of rebuttal can be used to take down the enemy case

介绍完Rebuttal的不同方式后 让我们来看一个具体的例子：

Motion： This House Supports the Rise of Social Media Influencers   Proposition Claim: There is accountability on social media platforms. If an influencer commits an immoral act, such as spreading hateful messages to children on the Internet, fans cancel them. They do this by asking their sponsors to drop their contracts with them, by making response videos asking them to step down, and by boycotting their content – all of this to decrease their revenue stream.

Opposition Rebuttal: There is no accountability on social media. Even if fans manage to get some sponsors to drop a problematic influencer, there will always be other companies willing to pay them in exchange for exposure. Additionally, boycotts are ineffective because not all people share the same moral compass, meaning that it is very unlikely that the entirety of an influencer's audience decides to stop consuming their content once they do something problematic.

Rebuttal不愧是辩论取胜的重要环节

通过Coach Robert今天介绍的几种方法

相信选手们可以在接下来的时间里

打开思路、拓宽角度，更好地备赛！