PART01、2023 WSDA Junior冬季冠军赛辩题
日历翻到2022年的最后一个月，2023WSDA Junior冬季冠军赛的脚步慢慢走近，今天发布三轮备稿辩题，同学们赶快准备起来吧！
Round 1:Museums should be free. 博物馆应该免费开放。
Round 2:Personality is more important than experience in a leader. 作为领导者来说，个性比经验更重要。
Round 3:It is ok for schools to set rules for student's hairstyles. 学校可以针对学生发型制定规则。
Round 4 / Round 5:辩题于比赛开始前15分钟公布。
Showcase辩题:辩题于比赛开始前15分钟公布。
PART02、2022-23 WSDA春季赛
公共论坛式辩论（Public Forum Debate）辩题
另外，我们的春季辩题也经过校园大使和WSDA组委会的多轮投票筛选，于今日确定，期待各位辩手新赛季的精彩表现！
Resolved: On balance, banning all single-use plastics is more beneficial than harmful. 总体而言，禁止所有一次性塑料制品的利大于弊。
PART03、春季辩题简析
不仅如此，我们还邀请到WSDA学术总监Cale为大家带来新赛季辩题的基本介绍，希望给大家一个基本框架。未来我们也将有辩题专栏持续放送，敬请期待~
What are single-use plastics?
The European commission defines single-use plastic products as, products that,“are used once, or for a short period of time, before being thrown away.”
Some notable examples of single-use plastics are:
✓ Cotton bud sticks
✓ Cutlery, plates, straws, and stirrers
✓ Balloons and sticks for balloons
✓ Food containers
✓ Cups for beverages
✓ Beverage containers
✓ Cigarette butts
✓ Plastic bags
✓ Packets and wrappers
✓ Wet wipes and sanitary items
✓ Syringes
✓ PPE Equipment
Are there examples of single-use plastic bans?
✓ According to a report by the U.N., 14 percent of countries in the world have banned or restricted single-use plastic items in some fashion.
✓ Two countries, Vanuatu and the Seychelles, have so far banned plastic straws outright.
✓ The EU does not have a full ban, but through the EU’s Directive on single-use plastics, different measures are being applied to different products.
✓ The U.S. plans to ban sale of single-use plastic on public lands, national parks by 2032
✓ Kenya has banned single-use plastic bags in 2017. The country has forbidden visitors from taking single-use plastics, e.g., water bottles and disposable plates, into national parks, forests, beaches, and conservation areas.
✓ Zimbabwe – introduced a ban on polystyrene food containers in 2017, with fines of between $30 to $5,000.
✓ In the United States California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, New York, Oregon, and Vermont have banned single-use plastic bags, though there is no federal ban.
✓ Also, some States in the U.S. has passed bans on plastic bag bans!
States in Green have plastic bag bans. States in Green have partial bans.
Companies such as Disney, Mcdonalds and Starbucks have partially phased out some of their single-use plastic.
In our next article we will summarize some of the pro and con arguments on both sides of the topic.
Reference:
1. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/plastics/single-use-plastics_en#:~:text=Single%2Duse%20plastic%20products%20(SUPs,our%20seas%20than%20reusable%20options.
2. https://www.statista.com/chart/17318/share-of-countries-that-have-enacted-plastic-bans-restrictions-and-the-types-of-restrictions/
3. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/08/us-to-ban-sale-of-single-use-plastic-on-public-lands-national-parks-by-2032.html
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