GRE、SAT、TOEFL考试英语单词第二个字典解释盘点

标题的“第二个字典解释”加了引号，代指那些和我们常规积累的单词意思不同的意思，

比如wanting 考察的意思会是lacking（缺少）， economy 考察的意思会是thrift (节约), affect 考察的会是动情（ move emotionally）和假装（pretend）, diverting 可以表示娱乐（entertaining）的意思，等等。

在SAT，GRE, TOEFL 的词汇相关的考察里面都有类似的情况，所以下面的这个常考单词的“第二个字典解释”可以保存+反复看下，当然你也可以在这个基础之上，建立一个自己觉得考察有特点的词表。

Affect(v.) - to take on, assume;

affected (adj.) - behaving in an artificial/pretentious way

Afford- to grant (e.g., to afford an opportunity)

Allow- to enable, permit

Appreciate- to take into account, recognize the merits of, OR to increase in value Appropriate (app-row-pree-ATE) - to take from, steal

Arbitrary- done or decided randomly, without clear reason Bolster - to provide support for (an argument)

Arrest- to stop (not just put handcuffs on a criminal)

Assume- to take on responsibility for, acquire (e.g., to assume a new position)

Basic- fundamental, essential

Bent- liking or preference for

Capacity- ability

Chance(v.) - to attempt

Check- to control (e.g., the vaccine checked the spread of the disease)

Clear- obvious, evident

Common- widespread

Comprehensive- thorough, complete

Compromise(v.) - to endanger or make vulnerable (e.g., to compromise one's beliefs)

Constitution- build (e.g., a football player has a solid constitution)

Condone- to disregard or pardon an illegal or objectionable act Deter - to discourage

Conviction- strong belief. Noun form of convinced.

Currency- acceptance, approval (of an idea)

Demonstrate- to establish (e.g., to demonstrate the validity of a hypothesis)

Disparity- difference, gap

Distraction- amusement, entertainment, diversion

Diverge- to separate from

Doctrine- principle or set of teachings

Economy- thrift (e.g., a writer who has an economical style is one who uses few words) Element- component, aspect

Elevated- lofty, high-minded, idealistic

Empirical- derived from experiment or observation Endeavor - attempt

Establish- to prove, validate (e.g., to establish the accuracy of a theory)

Esteem(v.) - to hold in high regard

Execute- to carry out (e.g., to execute an order)

Exercise- to put into use, carry out a function

Exploit- to make use of, take advantage of (does not carry a negative connotation)

Facility- the ability to do something easily (e.g., a facility for learning languages)

Faculty- ability or aptitude

Fancy(v.) - to take a liking to

Feasible- doable

Fine- (1) narrow, thin (e.g., fine lines); (2) delicate, elegant; (3) keen, highly attuned Foil - to put a stop to (e.g., to foil a robbery)

Fundamental- basic, essential

Grave/Gravity- serious(ness)

Grievance- a wrong, grounds for complaint

Hypothesis- educated guess

Idealistic- cherishing noble or high-minded principles

Indifferent- not caring, utterly detached

innovation- new invention or discovery

Inevitable- unavoidable

Innate- inborn

Kicks- amusement (e.g., just for kicks)

Legislation- laws

Lofty- high-minded, exalted

Moral- concerned with the rules of right and wrong

Paradox- apparent contradiction

Nature- character, personality

Observe- to follow (e.g., to observe a law)

Original- innovative

Partisan- strong adherent to a party or idea

Phenomenon- occurrence

Plastic/plasticity- able to be changed or shaped (e.g., brain plasticity)Poor- inferior, substandard, ill

Pragmatic, Prudent - practical

Provoke- to elicit (e.g., to provoke a reaction)

Qualify- to provide more information or detail about

Range- scope

Raw- unrefined, unfiltered

Realize- to achieve (a goal)

Reconcile- to bring together opposing or contradictory ideas

Relate/Relay- to pass on information, give an account of (a story)

Reservations- doubts, misgivings

Reserve- to hold off on (e.g., to reserve judgment)

Scale- level (e.g., the experiment was repeated on a larger scale)

Scrap(v.) - to eliminate

Scrutinize- to examine closely

Sheer- utter, complete

Skeptical- questioning, doubtful

Sound- firm, stable, reliable, valid (e.g., a sound argument)

Spare, Severe- plain, unadorned

Stagnation- failure to progress or grow

Static- unchanging

Stipulate- to specify a requirement

Store(n.) - reserve, stock (e.g., to keep a store of food for emergencies)Shength- significance

Subordinate- lower-ranking

Substantiate- to prove; unsubstantiated - unproven

Synthesize- to bring together, integrate

Sustain(v.) - to withstand

Temper- to moderate, make less harsh

Train- to fixate on (e.g., to train one's eyes on something)

Treat- to alter

Undermine- to weaken, attack indirectly Underscore - to emphasize

Uniform(adj.) - constant, unvarying

Unqualified- absolute

Upset(v.) - to interfere with an expected outcome

Urge- to argue in favor of, advocate

Want(n.) - lack

Weight- seriousness, importance

Yield- to reveal (e.g., an experiment yields results)