英文阅读课堂常见问题以及如何克服

Difficulties Learners of English Language Often Face in Reading Classes and How to Deal with Them.

英语阅读课堂常见问题以及对策

In today’s world of communication, learning English language is almost an essential step everyone should take. Being an international language, English serves us well in many ways such as providing job opportunities, making communication with people from other nationalities possible, etc. When talking about English, it must be noted that learning this language requires obtaining skills in all different aspects of it. One of the most important skills is reading. Reading is not only the ability to read the texts in English, but also to be able to understand and comprehend all the details of the text. There are so many ways to improve one’s reading skills and no matter which way is chosen, the role of the teacher cannot be underestimated. Throughout the learning process, learners might face many obstacles and only a teacher can clear up the path for them; offering them solutions and alternatives at any step. With all that being said, it becomes much more understandable how crucial the role of a good and experienced teacher is, when it comes to learning English. As a teacher who has been teaching for many years and working with Wintutor for a few years now, I am writing this article to share my experience of reading classes along with the tips and tricks on how to make these classes even more effective and get the best results out of them. When it comes to English reading classes, there are usually some common complications and difficulties that learners seem to have; and today, in this article, I explain them in details and offer some practical solutions for each.

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当今世界，英语学习是很多人能与世界更好地交流的必要手段。作为一种国际语言，学好英语好处多多，例如能获得更多的工作机会，能与其他国家的人交流等等。必须注意的是，学习英语需要提高各种不同方面的技能。最重要的技能之一是阅读。阅读不仅是读英文文本的能力，而且是能够理解和领会文本的所有细节的能力。提高阅读能力的方法有很多，无论选择哪一种，老师的作用都不容小觑。在整个学习过程中，学习者可能会遇到很多障碍，只有老师才能为他们扫清道路，随时为他们提供解决方案或者替代方案。我这样说，是希望你们能更好地理解在学习英语方面，一位优秀且经验丰富的老师的作用是多么重要。作为一名从教多年并与Wintutor合作良久的老师，我写这篇文章是为了分享我教阅读课的经验，以及如何让这些课程更加有效并帮你取得成功的技巧和窍门，因为我们需要最大化阅读课的成果。在英语阅读课上，学生通常会遇到一些常见的问题和困难；今天，在这篇文章中，我将详细解释它们，并提供一些实用的解决方案。

One of the main problems learners have in reading classes is the lack of understanding of the text. This means that learners can easily read the sentences and paragraphs and they usually have little to no problem pronouncing the words, but when it comes to comprehending the meaning of the phrases and the text, the problems appear. This results in them not grasping the message or some of the details explained in the text. Fortunately, this can be adjusted. The first thing the teacher should do is to ask the learners some questions from the text and try to recognize the parts that seem to be rather vague. Next, is to go through the new vocabulary and make sure the learners understand all the words in the text clearly. Since words are the keys to understanding the text, if learners know the meanings of all the words, it will be easier for them to comprehend the text. Finally, if there are any phrases, sentences or parts that are still unclear, the teacher can explain them in details for the learners.

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学生阅读课中遇到的主要问题之一是对文本缺乏理解。这意味着学生可以轻松地读出句子和段落，并且他们通常发音准确，但是在理解短语和文本的含义时，问题就出现了。这导致他们无法掌握文本中传递的信息或某些细节。幸运的是，这是可以解决的。老师应该做的第一件事是就课文问学生一些问题，并尝试识别学生理解模糊的部分。接下来，是通过学习生词，确保学习者清楚地理解文本中的所有单词。由于单词是理解课文的关键，如果学习者知道所有单词的意思，就更容易理解课文。最后，如果有任何短语、句子或部分仍然不清楚，老师应该为学习者详细解释。

Another common problem of the reading classes which most learners usually struggle with, is the lack of knowledge in vocabulary. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, vocabulary is considered to be the root of any text, and therefore, it is highly recommended for the learners to expand their range of vocabulary since this will be a great help in their overall understanding of any text they might ever read. Speaking from my own experience of the reading classes, most of the learners are usually having this problem and they do not know it can easily be fixed. There are a few steps that must be taken when addressing this problem in the class. First, the teacher must let the learners guess the meaning of the new words based on the context and sentence they appear in. This will give the learners a chance to connect all information they already have from the text in order to come up with the closest meaning of each of the new words. If they cannot figure out the meaning, then the teacher is supposed to provide some examples for the learners. Giving examples especially if they are already related to the context, will help them connect the dots and get to the aimed meaning. Even with all of that, there are still some learners in lower levels whose vocabulary range hasn’t been expanded yet. For these learners, the best way to help them with the new vocabulary is to explain the meaning through describing it in details or showing pictures of it if possible. After making sure the learners have fully understood the meaning, it will be the time for them to have a little practice. In this final step, the teacher is required to ask the students to use the new vocabulary in example sentences in order to help them keep the words and their meanings in mind.

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大多数学习者通常在阅读课上遇到的另一个常见问题是缺乏词汇储备。如上一段所述，词汇被认为是任何文本的根源，因此，强烈建议学习者扩大词汇量，因为这将有助于他们全面理解他们所读的内容。就我自己的阅读课经验来说，大部分的学习者通常都会有这个问题，但是他们不知道这个问题可以很容易地解决。在课堂上，老师可以用以下这些步骤帮助学生。首先，老师必须让学习者根据出现的上下文和句子来猜测新词的含义。这将促进学生有机会将他们已经从文本中获得的所有信息联系起来，以便尽可能的猜测出那个生词的意思。如果他们不能猜出生词意思的话，那么老师应该为学习者提供一些例子。举例，特别是那些与上下文相关的例子，将帮助他们融会贯通并理解生词意思。但是，总有一些初级学习者，他们的词汇量有限。对于这些学生，帮助他们掌握新词汇的最好方法是通过详细描述，或者可能的话，通过展示图片，来解释其含义。在确保学生完全理解了单词意思之后，就可以进行一些练习了。在这最后一步，教师需要让学生用新单词造句，以帮助他们长期地记住单词及其含义。

While on the topic of the vocabulary, it is time to point out one of the other troubles learners of the reading classes mostly face; and that is the slip of the new words from their minds. Believe it or not, it is completely normal for students not to remember all the new words they have learned in their previous lessons. The more the new vocabulary, the harder it is to recall them. However, there are some techniques that I have found very helpful in my own experience. Writing the new words in a notebook along with their meanings is the first and one of the most important things learners should do. It is recommended that the teacher asks the students to bring a notebook to the class and jot down all the new vocabulary of that lesson with their meanings and details. Needless to say, the learners then will have the chance to review the written words any time after the class. Aside from that, the teacher can dedicate a few minutes of the class to the practice of making example sentences and using the new words in each sentence. These sentences should be made by the learners and in case of any errors, the teacher will then correct them. This productive method will teach students the correct sentence structure for each word plus carving the word in their minds even deeper. And finally, reviewing the new vocabulary every day is the way to learn them permanently since they will go into the long-term memory.

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说到词汇，我们也要指出阅读课学生最常面临的其他问题之一：就是新词会悄悄从他们脑子里溜走。信不信由你，学生不会记得他们在之前的课程中学到的所有生词，但这是完全正常的。新词汇越多，记忆起来就越困难。但是，以我自己的经验，我发现有些技巧非常有用。在笔记本上写下新单词及其含义是学生应该做的第一件事，也是最重要的事情之一。我建议老师让学生带一个笔记本来上课，并记下该课的所有新词汇及其含义和相关细节。不用说，这样学生将有机会在课后随时复习记下的内容。除此之外，老师可以在课堂上花几分钟时间练习用这些生词造句。这些句子应该由学生自己来造，如果有任何错误，老师应该在之后纠正。这种富有成效的方法将教会学生每个单词在句子中的正确使用方法，并在他们的脑海中留下更深刻的印象。最后，每天复习新词汇是永久掌握它们的好方法，因为这样它们会进入你的长期记忆。

When it comes to reading and learning this highly important skill, not everything is about the understanding of the text. It is also very important for the learners of English language to be able to read a text correctly, smoothly and in an acceptable pace. However, some learners are weaker at this than others. One common reason of this is because they have been learning English through listening and speaking only; which will result in them not being familiar with the spelling of the words, and therefore, not being able to recognize it in the text when reading. As a teacher who has been dealing with students having the same problem, I have a few solutions to share. First, it is important to ask the learners to slow down and try reading the text at a slower pace than normal. This will help them have more time to read each word; therefore, there will be lower chance of them just skipping over or mispronouncing the words they already know. It is also recommended that the teacher waits for the learners to try and guess the words that seem unfamiliar and read them on their own. If not right, then the teacher can stop them and read the words for them in the correct way. What comes after, is for the teacher to ask the learners to look at the word, listen to the teacher saying it, and then repeat it afterwards. A few times of repeating is recommended for the learners to keep in mind the correct pronunciation of the word. Last but not least, asking the learners to practice reading a variety of texts from different sources will help the them become familiar with more words and structures. Over time, they will improve and consequently read the texts easier.

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说到阅读，以及学习阅读这项非常重要的技能时，并非一切都与对文本的理解有关。对于英语学习者来说，能够以适当的速度正确、流畅地朗读课文也非常重要。但是，有些学生在这方面做得不够好。一个常见的原因是他们一直只通过听和说来学习英语。这将导致他们不熟悉单词的拼写，因此在朗读时无法识别它们。作为一名一直在帮助有同样问题的学生的老师，我有一些方法要分享。首先，重要的是要求学生放慢速度，尝试以比正常速度更慢的速度来读课文。这将帮助他们有更多时间朗读每个单词，因此会降低他们跳过或读错他们其实已经知道的单词的机会。我还建议教师鼓励学生尝试猜测看上去不熟悉的单词并自行尝试发音。如果他们发音不正确，那么老师可以让他们停下来并示范正确的读法。接着，老师让学生看着单词，听老师读，然后再跟读。我建议学生多重复几次，以记住单词的正确发音。最后，但同样重要的是，我们要让学生练习朗读不同来源的各种文本，这将有助于他们熟悉更多的单词和句子结构。随着时间的推移，他们会有所进步，从而阅读起来更得心应手。

Another main issue of the reading classes that can lead to a decrease in the improvement process of the learners is when the students do not participate enough in the class. One thing that can cause this lack of participation is distraction. Some learners might get bored because the material is not suitable for their level. Others might lose focus over objects or people around them. These and many other reasons might cause distraction, and when that happens in a reading class, not only the learners will not fully follow and understand the topic that is being taught, but also this lack of information on the topic will affect their active participation in discussions. To solve this, the teacher should find a way to keep the learners active. Here are a few tips on how to do so. The first step is for the teacher to ask the learners for a summary of the text page by page. This will notify the students of the fact that they should keep their minds fully engaged in the topic or they will not be able to summarize it later. Next, is to ask them some questions from the text and try analysing it together through having a conversation. The best thing to do after that, is to bring up similar and related topics to discuss and keep the learners engaged in the discussion. Finally, asking for their personal experiences and sharing their own cases is a great way of encouraging them to be more and more active in the class.

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另一个可能导致学生阅读能力进步不那么明显的主要问题是学生在课堂上的参与度不够。可能引起这种参与不够的一件事是分心。有些学生可能会因为所学内容不适合他们的水平而感到无聊。其他人可能会因为关注周围事情或人而注意力不集中。这些，以及许多其他原因都会让学生心不在焉。如果阅读课上不专心，不仅学生不会完全理解所教授的内容，而且会因为缺乏关于所教内容的信息而不能积极参与讨论。为了解决这个问题，教师应该想办法让学生积极参与课堂。以下是我的一些建议。首先老师可以要求学生逐页对课文进行总结。这会促使学生要全神贯注上课，否则他们将无法对每页的课文进行总结。接下来，是从课文中问他们一些问题，并尝试和学生一起讨论分析这些问题。之后最好的办法是提出类似或相关的主题进行讨论，并让学生参与进来。还有，询问他们的自身经历并鼓励他们分享自己的故事是鼓励学生在课堂上越来越活跃的好方法。

Eventually, I feel obliged to mention how effective or destructive parents can be regarding the progress of their children. There is no doubt that the help of the parents can be advantageous and learners can benefit from that. However, some parents go out of their way and even though they mean well, they actually stop their children from improving. Pressuring the students while in class can be extremely damaging. Unfortunately, some parents sit by their children in the class and force them to talk or answer faster. Some even say the sentences or answer the questions instead of the students and tell them to repeat the answers for the teacher. These were only a few examples of what parents do wrong sometimes. Talking from my own experience of the classes, students usually get distracted in these situations. They feel like they are in a hurry and mostly get confused about who they should pay attention to; the teacher or their parent. To avoid all that, parents must try to let their children be on their own when in class; and this can only happen by trusting the teacher and believing they do what is best for the students. However, it will be a good idea for one of the parents to sit in the same room as their children and just monitor them in order to make sure they are paying attention to the class and not doing anything on the side. Trying to be in contact with the teachers and receiving feedback from them will be a great way of knowing what materials and lesson parts are being covered in the class each lesson. Moreover, the teacher can let parents know of all the strengths, weaknesses, improvements and deteriorations of their children throughout the course.

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最后，我觉得有必要提到父母对孩子学习的影响，有时候父母的帮助能促进孩子进步，但有时候父母的参与反而得不偿失。毫无疑问，父母正确的帮助可以让学生从中受益。然而，有些父母做得太过了，即使他们的本意很好，但他们实际上阻止了孩子的进步。在课堂上给学生施加压力可能会造成极大的破坏性。不幸的是，总有些家长在课堂上坐在孩子身边，敦促他们快点说，快点回答问题。有些人甚至帮学生说出句子或回答问题，然后让孩子对老师重复这些答案。这些都只是父母做得不恰当的几个例子。从我自己的课堂经验来看，学生在这些情况下通常会分心。他们觉得自己被赶着，而且大多对应该听谁的感到困惑：该听老师的，还是爸妈的？为了避免这些情况，父母必须尽量让孩子独自上课；当然，这需要以信任老师并相信他们会尽力教学生为前提。另一个好主意是让一位家长和孩子坐在同一个房间里并监视孩子，以确保孩子专心听讲而不是在边上做其它事情。与老师保持老师联系并从他们那里获得反馈，是了解每节课所涵盖的内容的好方法。此外，老师也应该让家长了解孩子在整个课程中的所有优势、要改进的地方、进步或是倒退。

In short, considering reading as one of the most important skills in English language, learners must put enough time and effort on practicing it. The ability to read different texts, understand, analyse and summarize them is what all English learners should improve. A reading class is an effective way of helping learners upgrade their reading skills with the guidance of an experienced teacher. Throughout the course, teacher will assist the learners and teach them how to read a text smoothly and correctly regarding the pronunciation of the words and sentences, how to learn and keep the new vocabulary in mind, how to analyse a text and understand the hidden details and messages of it, etc. Just like any other classes, the students of the reading classes also have their own struggles and difficulties sometimes and although the amount of progress a learner can have during a reading course depends on so many aspects, a good teacher can always be a great guide to show the learners the best way throughout their experience.

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简而言之，阅读是英语学习中最重要的技能之一，学生必须投入足够的时间和精力来练习它。阅读不同文本，以及理解、分析和总结它们的能力是所有英语学习者都应该提高的。阅读课能让学生在经验丰富的老师的指导下提升阅读技能，是提高阅读能力的有效方式。在整个课程中，老师将协助学生，教他们如何流畅、正确地阅读课文，包括单词和句子的发音、如何学习和记住新词汇、如何分析课文和理解隐藏的细节等等。和其他课一样，阅读课的学生有时也有自己的挫折和困难。虽然学生在阅读能力的提高取决于很多方面，但一个好老师始终能用自己的经验，为学生提供最佳的指导。