首先是冒号
自然,如果看到冒号,就意味着前后内容是重复的。
Stars are not__immutable/perpetual_____:like people, they areborn, they live, and then they die.
Yoshiko Yamaguchi was a remarkably__protean / versatile_____public figure:she wasnot only an actress but also a journalist, a prominent politician in the Japanese parliament, and the wife of a diplomat.
要强调的是一个破折号,在功能上和冒号是一样的,也是前后重复
Central control of the country's power grid is difficult because of the__balkanization___of the electricity industry—it ismade up of hundreds of local networks with separate owners.
然后是分号
分号可以连接两句话,这是它和逗号不同的地方,但为什么连接两句话用了分号,而不是句号呢? 因为两个句子之间的关系比较近。所以分号之间要么就是由类似however, indeed 这样的逻辑连接词,如果是有类似的逻辑词连接的话,这些逻辑词就给我们提供了出答案的线索了;
A few decades ago the idea of animal morality would have been met with___derision/ridicule____;however, recent researchsuggests thatanimals not only act altruistically but also have the capacity for empathy, forgiveness, trust, and reciprocity.
另外一种情况是两个分句之间没有逻辑连接词,那么这时候用分号连接的原因是两个句子的描述对象一致,当然,这同一个描述对象就会带来前后分句的重复。
The author's point isnotthat people should be___dismissive/scornful____science;heis careful to point out that what science is discovering about humans, for example, is certainly important and worthy of careful consideration.