高考的官方译文为:Nationwide Unified Examination for Admissions to General Universities and Colleges。这个名称过于正式,在平时的写作或口语中,我们可以直接写成China's university-entrance exam或China's college-entrance exam。
native在谈论高考时,使用的通常是the gaokao,然后在后面加个同位语进行解释即可。需要注意,这里的the不能省略:由中文拼音构成的专业名称,前面一般要加the,同时该中文名称要写成斜体。
话题词汇:
①死记硬背:rote learning/rote memorization。【动词形式】learn by rote或learn sth by rote。如:learn the required facts by rote死记硬背考试要求的知识点。
②为考试作准备:cram for+exam/test。相比于prepare来说,cram更强调短期作大量准备。比如大学期末考试前几天将老师划的考点全部背完,就叫做cram。【造句】Teenagers have been cramming for years for the gaokao, which they believe will determine their entire future.青少年们为这些考试疯狂准备了数年。在他们看来,这些考试将决定他们整个未来。
③参加高考:sit the gaokao。sit+exam/test表示参加考试,也可以用take+exam/test。注意,“参加”考试中的”参加“一般不用attend这个词。
④取得好成绩:attain respectable exam results或score high on+exam/test。【名词形式】high scorer得高分的人。【反义词】low scorer得低分的人。类似的两组短语:high achiever/low achiever成就很高的人/失败者 | high earner/low earner高收入的人/低收入的人。
⑤被录取:be admitted to+学校,这个短语强调的是结果。如果强调主观上的动作,则用secure/gain a place(at+学校)或gain admittance to+学校:获取录取资格。【造句】Students scramble to gain admittance to the most prestigious institutions, with exam preparation starting ever earlier.学生们为进入顶尖名校而激烈竞争,考试准备的时间开始得越来越早。
高考的好处/重要性:
①The gaokao serves as a way of selecting talent who, with further studies at university, will qualify for specific professions and contribute to social progress.高考是选拔人才的一种方式,这些人才在高校接受进一步深造后,将有资格进入特定职业,并为社会进步做出贡献。 ②The gaokao is a high-stakes exam on which a child's future largely hinges. High scorers in the test are admitted to first-class universities and therefore earn high wages, whereas those who fail it may face the prospect of unemployment and a life of toil.高考是一项很大程度上决定了孩子未来的高风险考试。在高考中取得高分的学生可以被一流大学录取,从而拿高薪;而考的不好的学生可能会面临失业以及艰难的一生。
③This national academic examination influences students’ economic prospects for years to come.这项全国性的学术性考试会影响学生接下来多年的经济情况。
需要注意,prospects表示前途时,必须是复数形式prospects。再比如:job/employment prospects就业前途 | improve children's prospects改善孩子们的前途。
④The gaokao is intended to be a great leveller.高考旨在极大的促进公平。
leveller意为使人人平等的事(或局面),用来形容高考非常恰当。
⑤Test-based admission criteria may not be perfect, but at least they provide a level playing field that allows clever children from poor areas a chance of success.基于考试的招生标准可能并不完美,但至少提供了一个公平的竞争环境,使得优秀的寒门学子可以有成功的机会。
a level playing field表示公平的竞争环境条件。常与动词create/provide搭配create/provide a level playing field。也可以写成level the playing field for...为...创造公平的竞争条件,此时的level是动词。上一句中的leveller正是由这个动词level变形而成的。