2024年6月30日托福考情分析

6月30日托福考试落下帷幕，考情速递也为大家整理好啦！

旧题依旧很多，但是听力题也太抽象了～难到爆炸

同学们觉得这次考得如何？期待备考同学们都能顺利上岸！

备考的同学速速集合！快来看看本场具体考了哪些内容吧

阅读

R1

病毒会侵入植物体内，对于植物产生非常负面的影响，比如说在植物的叶子上出现黄斑，或者通过影响植物的含糖量来削弱果实的口感。因此植物的病毒每年会对于植物产生上千亿的影响。

人们第1次发现植物的病毒大概是在100多年前，当时一名欧洲的科学家就在研究为什么植物的叶子，会出现黄色的斑点、或者是浅绿色的斑点。当时人们在认知植物生病的时候，还没有很明确的知道，这就是由植物的病毒所引起的。当时植物学家实验的方法，就是收集这种植物的枝叶，然后把这些液体进行科学的分析和过滤，并且科学家还会把过滤之后的溶液，重新注入回健康的植物的体内，然后发现这些健康的植物，注射进这些过滤后的溶液之后，并不会再生病，由此证实了植物病毒的存在。

而且因为这一次发现植物病毒，也使得人们对于植物病毒的理解可以越来越深入，因为植物学家可以对分离出来的病毒进行定量定性的研究。科学家们发现这些病毒是由蛋白质和里面的遗传物质所一起组成的。在今天人们可以用电子显微镜来观察这些病毒。而且科学家们发现这些病毒只能在植物的细胞当中来进行繁殖。而且现代的科学家还用电子成像仪拍摄出了这些病毒的照片。但是因为当时的科学手段还是非常的有限，因此科学家们最初并没有发现里面的遗传物质。是在很久之后，直物学家们才发现里面的遗传物质，对于病毒的传播起到了多大的作用？

而且植物学家们发现这种病毒的传染性特别强。正常的病毒都是几个小时脱离宿主就死亡了，但是这种病毒竟然能在植物的叶子已经被烘烤成烟叶，然后又通过吸烟人的手，与新的植物接触来进行传播。而实际上这些病毒的传播主要靠的是小虫子，这些小虫子会吸食不同植物的汁水，这样因为昆虫的探针会刺入到不同的植物，这样就会把病毒在不同的植物之间来进行传播。而病毒一旦进入到植物体内之后，就能够通过一些植物的器官在细胞间进行传播。所以一旦植物一个部位来进行感染，很快就会传到整株植物。

但是病毒很少会杀死宿主，而很多的时候只是会影响宿主的页面或者是果实。去改变这些果蔬的成熟时间，以及改变植物的营养物质含量，使得口感变差。而农民几乎没有办法去控制植物的病毒，最终解决问题的方法往往都是通过点燃植物，把植物的整个植株完全烧死。以及通过喷洒农药来去杀灭这些昆虫，来防止传播。现在还没有通过药物的方法来控制这些病毒的方法。

R2

随着美国经济的一路增长，在最开始的时候，美国的制造业还落后于欧洲各国，但是在一战开始之前，美国的制造业已经成为全球的头号，强国占整个地球制造业接近一半的份额。大概在一战之前，半个世纪美国就已经成为非常重要的制造业大国。而在一战之前，制造业的产值就已经超过了农业的产值。而且当时工业的人口已经占了整个人口的2/3。在一战之前，仅仅制造业的人口就已经超过了500万。而采矿行业以及其他的重工业的从业人口也接近了500万。而实际上在美国经济最开始发展的这段时间，美国经济最为主要的支柱是木材行业和棉花产业。随着经济的发展，在接下来的几十年时间当中，他们慢慢被重工业所超越。短短50年的时间里面，美国的钢产量就从几千吨达到了上千万吨，而在同一时期煤炭的产量也是翻了上千倍。

而在美国的本国，国内这些工业的布局也发生了很大的变化。在最开始的时候，美国整个工业的核心基础是在东部纽约地区。但是发展了几十年之后，整个的工业慢慢搬向了中西部地区，有几万的制造工人，而在中西部的很多城市也有几万名工业的工人。当时美国的官方也通过关税的形式很好地保护了本国的产业。对于进口的商品，当时征收了很高的关税。哪怕是在战争结束之后，当时的关税也正常接近50%。虽然偶尔会因为经济蓬勃增长而降低关税，但是这些关税仍然很高。但是这些关税到底是正面的还是负面的，其实很难衡量，因为一方面加重了本国居民对于商品的负担，另外一方面也使得出口的商品被征收了很高的关税。

但是经济的增长也常常伴随着经济危机，每隔几十年美国就会发生大的一次经济危机，很多的企业倒闭，股市暴跌。而一旦经济危机发生，美国就会进入几年的经济衰退。美国在过去几百年间经历过多次经济危机。而经济危机都会导致失业率上升，工资下降等一系列的问题。

农业受到的最大的影响往往是气候的变化，而工业受到的影响最大的就是经济周期的变化。经济增长和经济衰退是交替进行的，经济衰退之后又会带来一波经济增长。但是身处经济周期之内的人往往不认为自己在经济周期之中，直到这个世纪开始，民众才慢慢的普遍接受经济周期这个概念。

听力

C1

和英语教授的对话，学生艾伦找到他的英语教授哈里斯，询问关于学院文学杂志的事。他想把自己写的一篇文章投稿，哈里斯教授在编辑委员会，所以艾伦希望得到一些建议。哈里斯教授解释说，任何学生都可以提交作品，但需要经过整个委员会的审核。艾伦提到他在教授的诗歌课上读过一些美洲土著诗歌，这激发了他的灵感。他想写一篇文学评论，分析现代诗歌中祖父角色的象征意义。

哈里斯教授认为这是个有趣的题目，并建议艾伦可以将传统诗歌和现代诗歌进行对比，增加文章的深度。此外，她还建议艾伦关注这些诗人的语言使用，考虑到许多土著社区有着强烈的口头传统。这些诗人可能会记得听长辈讲故事，因此在分析时要注意诗歌的流畅性和重复等特征。艾伦对这些建议表示感谢，并准备进一步修改他的文章。

L1

艺术史，20世纪初，绘画和雕塑主导艺术界，摄影只是记录工具。安塞尔·亚当斯通过高质量的作品和创办摄影艺术部门，提升了摄影的艺术地位。亚当斯1902年出生，年轻时经历了“绘画主义”运动，后来倾向现实主义风格，并成立了F.64小组，专注于清晰、现实的黑白照片。他对美国西部的自然风景特别感兴趣，这在1930年代受到了批评，因为其他摄影师更关注社会问题。

尽管受到批评，亚当斯坚持自己的主题，认为自然景观是重要的政治议题。随着时间的推移，公众认识到土地保护的重要性，亚当斯的摄影书《这是美国的土地》在1960年代的保护运动中发挥了重要作用。虽然亚当斯以黑白摄影闻名，但他也尝试了彩色摄影，尽管当时技术不如今日可靠。他创作了数百张彩色照片，展示了他在摄影领域的广泛尝试。

L2

在生物学中的适应性（adaptation）概念上，通过一个关于小鼠狐猴（mouse lemur）的实验来探讨这一主题。这个实验观察了不同环境条件下，如降雨导致的土壤差异，对生物体适应性的影响。首先介绍一种小鼠狐猴，这种生物具有根据环境光线变化而改变体色的适应性特征。例如，它们可能在光线较暗的环境中呈现较深的颜色，在光线较亮的环境中则呈现较浅的颜色。这种颜色变化是一种保护色，有助于它们在不同环境中更好地伪装自己，从而躲避捕食者。

接着，介绍了非洲一种特殊的老鼠，这种老鼠仅生活在森林中。研究人员利用基因分析来研究这种老鼠的适应性。他们提出了两种假说：一种认为这种老鼠适应了森林环境，另一种则认为它们可能也适应了草原环境。通过对这些老鼠的基因进行深入研究，科学家们希望能够揭示它们适应特定环境的遗传机制。这种老鼠的适应性并非简单的单一因素决定，而是一个复杂的多因素交互作用的结果。

C2

一个女孩儿想修一门课，但是那门课在网，就是他们可以在网上上报名，但是那门课显示已经已经就是满了，然后呢，他就去找找找那个老师寻求帮助。对，然后有个态度题，教授说应该是想说她这个问题很明显，因为现在这个时间有很多学生报名呢，鼓励女孩继续去申请试试。因为她需要申请internship而且下学期就毕业了，所以没法下学期选那门课

L3

音乐历史讲座。介绍音乐的三种形式，其中降到了中世纪的音乐，并也介绍了法国当地的一种音乐形式。

L4

关于工程学的内容，教授探讨了船只设计的基本原理和现代船只驱动构造的发展趋势。分析船只设计的要素，以及如何通过创新设计来提高船只的航行速度。

口语

TASK 1独立口语题

Some people like to get advice from their parents. Others prefer to get advice from their peers.

重复23年3月、10月考题

TASK 2校园题

No more Jazz Choir

reading:

The school announces that due to insufficient student interest, jazz choirs will be discontinued starting next year. The main reason is that there are not enough student singers to fill the gaps in the jazz choir, resulting in insufficient participation and difficulty maintaining the performance standards. The school encourages students who wish to participate in choir activities to explore other available choirs that offer a variety of music experiences, including classical and contemporary choirs.

Listening:

A woman disagrees with the school's decision to stop offering a jazz choir, considering it a regrettable decision.

She believes that low participation is not because students are not interested in jazz music itself, but because the current rehearsal schedule requires three attendances per week. She suggests that reducing the rehearsal frequency to once a week may attract more students to participate.

The lady also points out that other choirs in the school mainly focus on classical music, which is completely different from jazz. For students who love jazz music, the classical music experience provided by other choirs does not meet their interests, so the proposed alternative plan is not suitable.

TASK 3学术讲座题

Reading：

There are various ways for plants to obtain nutrients in nature, but a single source to acquire nutrient often limits their growth. To overcome this limitation, some plants have developed strategies to collaborate with other plants, enhancing their own growth through resource sharing. This cooperation not only promotes symbiosis among plants, but also improve their fruits yield.

Listening:

On a small island, there is a unique phenomenon of tree growth. The vegetation on this island is dense, and newly grown small trees are often obscured by surrounding large trees, making it difficult to obtain sufficient energy through photosynthesis. Faced with such survival challenges, small trees exhibit astonishing adaptability: they cleverly attach to neighboring large trees, using their branches to extend to the sky to gain more sunlight. This interdependent relationship is not limited to branches, but also extends to the roots. Especially during the typhoon season, this root entanglement provides additional stability for trees, allowing them to resist strong winds and reduce the risk of being uprooted.

TASK 4 学术讲座题

重复23冲刺test 1，听力全文：

So when consumers go shopping these days, they are often faced with a wide variety of options, whether they're shopping in local stores or through an online seller. People appreciate being able to choose between different products right,

But at a certain point if there are too many options for one type of product it can have a negative effect on sales. People may feel overwhelmed uncertain about which product to buy and may choose to buy nothing at all.so it can be helpful for sellers that do offer multiple similar products to use strategies to help narrow the options and guide product choice.so consumers will actually buy something, and the seller will profit one strategy. Sellers can use one strategy that can help guide product choice.

Is sellers can organize similar products based on certain interests or other criteria, dividing them into clear distinct categories that consumers can easily understand. This allows people to decide at a glance whether a certain category applies to them and eliminate any that don't reducing the options to a smaller number of possibilities. For example, research shows stores are more successful at selling magazines when they organized them into sections labeled business news,

Cooking and so on. Rather than just lumping the magazines altogether, which could be overwhelming now, another strategy some sellers may want to go a step further and gather information from consumers in order to offer a. Personalized recommendation by asking about a consumer's preferences and needs a seller may be able to guide the consumer toward products that meet their unique needs.

Personalized recommendations like this could be helpful for online sellers with pages of products that could take a while to browse through or are tough to compare. For example, an online shoes seller offering athletic shoes could have people who visit the website fill in a quick survey, saying what types of exercise they're into and what colors they like. And then the website could pull up some specific shoes for them to consider.

写作

综合写作

Natural gas is a source of energy. In recent years, the production of natural gas has tended to increase in America. The reading passage claims that the production of natural gas should be reduced for three reasons, but the lecturer disagrees with the reading passage and believes that it exaggerates problems and underestimates its benefits.

First, the passage mentions that natural gas is not a clean energy resource and will cause climate change and pollution, so cleaner energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, should be used. On the contrary, the listening material presents the opposite idea, arguing that wind and solar energy cannot produce sufficient energy for people to use because clean energy technologies are not yet well developed. Although natural gas isn’t a clean energy source, it is much cleaner than other forms of fossil fuels such as coal, because natural gas produces only half the greenhouse gases that coal does. Therefore, even though natural gas can cause some pollution, it should be accepted until clean energy is fully developed.

In addition, the author states that the toxic wastewater produced when toxic water is pumped into spaces to force out natural gas can contaminate rivers and drinking water, harming the environment and our health. In contrast, the lecturer asserts that there are effective methods to manage wastewater. For instance, if governments collect toxic wastewater, store it in special storage places deep underground, and ensure that it is isolated from natural water resources, toxic substances in natural gas won’t get into the water we drink and use. Thus, the lecturer heavily challenges the author again.

Last but not least, the article suggests that the process of managing natural gas will impact local communities, as drilling rigs and trucks in this process produce a lot of noise, and gas extraction equipment also produces noise and bright light that affect residents. However, the speaker is skeptical of the article’s claims and asserts that the positive aspects of natural gas production are more important than its negative aspects because natural gas production provides many jobs for locals and improves government tax revenues. Therefore, most communities are willing to live with the discomforts brought by natural gas production.