报告类大作文，犯罪类话题
Many ex-prisoners continue to commit crimes even after being punished for it. Why do you think this happens? How can we solve this problem?
题目来源：2009年6月13日大陆雅思大作文
1、题目大意
许多前囚犯在受到惩罚后仍继续犯罪。为什么会发生这种情况？如何能解决这个问题？
2、思路解析
这是一道报告类大作文，聊的是再犯罪的问题。报告类题目结构比较简单，两个主体段，主体段一回答再犯罪的原因，主体段二提出解决办法。审题时需要注意一点，题目讨论的对象是“ex-prisoners”，因此要考虑这个群体的特性，而不是单纯讨论犯罪的原因。下面，王珍老师和大家一起来看下具体观点。
首先来看原因，可能有三方面。
一是部分罪罚过轻，导致当事人认为犯罪的成本过低而带来的收益更大，因此会重复犯下罪行。
二是前囚犯在释放后缺少稳定的收入来源。长时间的关押导致他们与新的社会产生脱节，对新事物的认知不足以及职业技能的缺失使得他们难以找到合适的工作带来收入，同时许多雇主也不愿意雇佣有犯罪记录的人。这种经济不稳定可能导致他们重新犯罪。
三是社会对于前囚犯的负面影响。前囚犯在获释后可能发现家庭关系疏远或断裂，并且容易受到周围人的偏见和歧视，这些这种排斥感和孤立感可能会让前囚犯感到失望，从而回到犯罪行为。
再来看解决办法，对应各个问题来看。
一是制定合适的刑罚措施，提高再犯罪的成本，对潜在人员进行威慑和警告。
二是为前囚犯提供更多的教育和就业机会。教育和职业培训可以提高前囚犯的再就业能力，政府也需要制定政策或措施，减少雇主对于前囚犯的身份歧视，来确保前囚犯有公平的就业机会。
三是加强社会支持和心理咨询服务。在前囚服刑结束后，提供心理咨询和社会支持可以帮助他们应对潜在的挑战，如社会排斥和他人的歧视，解决他们基本的身份证明、健康、住房等基本需求，这些都是成功重返社会的关键因素。
3、提纲
4、高分范文示例
The majority of formerly convicted individuals are likely to reoffend upon their return to society, according to the findings of a study. This essay will highlight several explanations for this occurrence and propose a range of feasible solutions.
As a starting point, there are a broad range of reasons why serial offenders commit crimes. Initially, prison terms for a majority of offenses are disproportionate. Criminals who commit specific offences are frequently only imprisoned for a few months, which induces them to believe that the rewards of breaking laws exceed the potential consequences and incentivises them to resume the same crimes following their release. Second, offenders may find difficulty obtaining jobs and making a living, and as a result, they will experience unemployment and poverty. For instance, because of the stereotypes associated with individuals who have criminal records, potential employers will decide against interviewing or hiring them. Thus, people who have previously been released from prison continue to be seen as failures and inevitably return to their previous routines, with some acquiring livelihood through illegal means such as burglary.
There are, however, several ways to mitigate the adverse effects. Those who violate the law should be punished severely. These penalties would serve as deterrents and warnings against committing crimes, and it is appropriate for offenders to suffer punishments proportional to their offenses. As a solution to the problem of unemployment, the authorities can provide these convicts with vocational training and even suitable occupations, allowing them to earn respectable employment upon reintegration into society. In addition, the government should promote the belief that offenders should be given a second chance to become law-abiding citizens and cultivate a more positive atmosphere in society.
In conclusion, to prevent criminals from reoffending, we should strengthen crime deterrence and prepare prisoners for post-release jobs in order to reduce recidivism.
5、相关词汇和语法结构
Formerly Convicted Individuals 前科犯
Reoffend 重犯
Serial Offenders 惯犯
Disproportionate Prison Terms 不成比例的监禁期限
Unemployment and Poverty 失业和贫穷
Stereotypes Associated with Criminal Records 与犯罪记录相关的刻板印象
Vocational Training 职业培训
Law-Abiding Citizens 守法公民
Recidivism 累犯率
Crime Deterrence 犯罪威慑
Proportional Punishments 比例惩罚
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