报告类大作文，犯罪类话题
Many ex-prisoners continue to commit crimes even after being punished for it. Why do you think this happens? How can we solve this problem?
题目来源：2023年1月14日大陆雅思大作文（重复2020年11月7日雅思考题）
1、题目大意
许多刑满释放人员在受到惩罚后仍继续犯罪。为什么会出现这种情况？怎样才能解决这个问题？
2、思路解析
这是一道报告类大作文，聊得是在犯罪问题，原题在20年和09年都考过一次。报告类题型的行文结构相对简单，两个主体段分别对应两个问题，主体段一分析这一现象的原因，主体段二讨论解决办法。题目本身不难，审题时注意限定对象“ex-prisoners”，也就是说不能单单讨论为什么犯罪，而是刑满释放在犯罪的原因。讨论方向除了“处罚手段”本身，还可以考虑外部环境影响，下面月半鸭和大家一起来看下具体观点。
有的人会再犯罪的根本原因，我们可以从两方面出发来考虑。
一是当事人自身原因，比如，有的人先天自控能力比较弱、容易情绪化导致不好的结果；或者希望寻求刺激、通过犯罪来满足心理需求；
二是外部社会问题，比如教育不足导致当事人缺乏足够是非判断或者工作能力；或者是社会对有犯罪记录的人歧视，造成当事人没法再就业养活自己或者心理受到伤害从而采取报复行为。
我们再来看下，针对不同情况，如何有效阻止。
针对先天性自控力较弱、容易情绪化（暴躁）或者通过犯罪来寻求刺激的情况，我们可以采取的手段是创造一个积极的生活环境，通过专业的人员和方式来教导当事人正确的行为、如何管理自己的情绪，以及当情绪失控或者希望寻求刺激时，如何能够寻找到非犯罪的替代途径或者及时自我调整。
（提醒：在写作考题中，有一道题目就是专门问你是不是同意犯罪是先天导致以及如何防范的）
对于那些因为外部因素犯罪的人，我们首先要明白一点，除了那些本身缺乏法律观念的人，绝大多数人犯罪（包括反复犯罪）都是因为在他的认知里，找不到其他更好的生存手段或者解决问题的手段了。所以解决这个问题才是预防犯罪的有效手段。
针对受教育不足导致犯罪的人，在处罚过程中，除了教会对方正确的是非观、价值观和对于法律敬畏之心外，还应该教会对方如何通过正当途径来养活自己，并且帮助对方掌握一门手艺或者技能。
但有很多人出狱后发现，社会对他们往往会有偏见，比如企业不愿意录用有“犯罪记录”的人，或者其他人在生活中歧视当事人甚至认为一定会再犯罪。
这种情况下，对于当事人的处理手段是没有用的，而是应该通过教育或者宣传的手段，减少社会歧视，或者定点定向帮助当事人来解决就业问题（比如有专门聘用有过犯罪记录的人的工厂），创造一个公平公正、让当事人能够正常融入社会的环境。
3、提纲
4、高分范文示例
The majority of formerly convicted individuals are likely to reoffend upon their return to society, according to the findings of a study. This essay will highlight several explanations for this occurrence and propose a range of feasible solutions.
As a starting point, there are a broad range of reasons why serial offenders commit crimes. Initially, prison terms for a majority of offenses are disproportionate. Criminals who commit specific offences are frequently only imprisoned for a few months, which induces them to believe that the rewards of breaking laws exceed the potential consequences and incentivises them to resume the same crimes following their release. Second, offenders may find difficulty obtaining jobs and making a living, and as a result, they will experience unemployment and poverty. For instance, because of the stereotypes associated with individuals who have criminal records, potential employers will decide against interviewing or hiring them. Thus, people who have previously been released from prison continue to be seen as failures and inevitably return to their previous routines, with some acquiring livelihood through illegal means such as burglary.
There are, however, several ways to mitigate the adverse effects. Those who violate the law should be punished severely. These penalties would serve as deterrents and warnings against committing crimes, and it is appropriate for offenders to suffer punishments proportional to their offenses. As a solution to the problem of unemployment, the authorities can provide these convicts with vocational training and even suitable occupations, allowing them to earn respectable employment upon reintegration into society. In addition, the government should promote the belief that offenders should be given a second chance to become law-abiding citizens and cultivate a more positive atmosphere in society.
In conclusion, to prevent criminals from reoffending, we should strengthen crime deterrence and prepare prisoners for post-release jobs in order to reduce recidivism.
5、相关词汇和语法结构
Prison sentence: 关押制度
Unemployment and poverty: 失业与贫困
Severe punishment: 严厉惩罚
Vocational training: 职业培训
Reintegrate back into the community: 重新融入群体
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