其实是和所有能力类考试的出题特点是一样的。
第一前置原则是答案一定来自于原文。
虽然是考察作者主观态度的考试，但是答案不是主观的，“不是一千个读者有一千个哈姆雷特。”
只是一个阅读考试简单和难的分界点就是选项和原文之间同义替代的直接性。
语言类的考试，比如IELTS 会有同学觉得定位到了就一定能做对，甚至没怎么读懂题目也能做对。这是出题机构从三个方向降低了阅读题目的难度
1. 原文定位很容易
2. 正确答案和原文的重复比较直接
3. 错误答案和原文（正确答案）的区分度很高
以此取反，一个阅读难题可以从以下几个方面去制造
1. 定位比较费时间
2. 正确答案和原文不是简单的同义替代，是广义的重复（这个此推送会介绍下）
3. 错误答案和正确答案有一定的混淆度
而能力类型的考试（SAT/ACT/GRE/GMAT/LSAT） 的阅读部分的标配是上面的1&2。至于第3个只有是遇到难题的时候才会觉得确实有迷惑选项，大多数的题目用排除法还是可以非常自信的选对答案的。
定位的部分之前讲解过了
下面要说的是SAT 的阅读设计里面原文和答案之间是如果做paraphrase 的 [例子出自近期北美卷]
第一种也是相对容易的一种：
答案是原文的同义替代
题目：According to the passage, turning on all of the lights in the apartment reveals that
原文定位：I turned on all the lights in the apartment. Still, it didn’t feel bright. The walls were beige, painted by the previous owner. There were drawings by a childish hand, friendly like. And a faint footprint. A couple of mosquito corpses. At this point, the doorbell rang.
答案：there is evidence of the lives of previous tenants.
第二种情况：答案是原文的广义的替代
题目 The passage indicates that the use of Solanum tuberosum DNA allowed the researchers to
原文 To fine-tune the expression of the H-protein, the team engineered the tobacco using DNA from a close relative, Solanum tuberosum, or potato. Using a known sequence of potato DNA, we were able to boost the H-protein specifically in the desired leaf tissue.
答案 localize increased production of H-protein to an area that is most beneficial in the tobacco plant.
首先boost specially 和 localize increased production 是同义替代
其次in the desired leaf tissue 和 to an area that is most beneficial in the tobacco plant 是个广义的替代，原文相对笼统些，选项具体表达了出来
第三种情况：答案是对于原文内容的取反
【这个要求我们在阅读原文的时候要特别注意“对比”的内容】
题目 Based on the passage, it can be reasonably inferred that compared to the narrator’s new neighborhood, Huangpu West is characterized by
原文 “This place is different from Huangpu West,” she said. “You hardly ever see anybody, and it might take some getting used to.”
答案： more opportunities to interact with people.
另外一个反着出的例子
题目 Which statement about the production of toxins resulting from Rubisco’s conversion of oxygen in certain crop plants is best supported by the passage?
原文
At higher temperatures, plants tend to increase the amount of oxygen they convert, so as growing season temperatures rise and heat waves strike, up to 50 percent of the energy generated from photosynthesis can be required for photorespiration to recycle toxins in major crops like wheat and soybeans.
答案 As environmental temperatures decrease, the amount of the toxins produced in the plants decreases.
类似原文中读到变大，变小的时候，也可以预判下题目会反着考。
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