利弊类大作文，环境类话题
More and more people move from the countryside to big cities. Does this development bring more advantages or disadvantages to the environment?
题目来源：2022年7月23日大陆雅思大作文
1、题目大意
越来越多的人从农村搬到大城市，这种发展对环境的利弊？
2、思路解析
这是一道利弊类大作文，讨论的是人口迁移对环境的利弊。利弊类文章需要强调在论证上体现合理性，即在具体的分析中，明确能体现出一边的论述的确是大于另一边，或是利弊均等，而利弊是否有说服力并不取决于观点的数量，而是内容是否有说服力。题目看上去很简单，但审题时需要注意两点，一是题目给出了限定讨论范围“environment”，因此利弊都要围绕着这点展开，谈到别的便是跑题了。二是题目提及了“countryside”和“big cities”，因此环境的影响可以考虑到两者各自的特征来展开。下面月半鸭和大家来看下具体观点。
首先来看好处。
一是农村人口减少后，对于当地环境的污染等等人为影响会减少，自然生态能得到更好的修复和发展。
二是城市人口增多后带来的经济收益更大，政府有更多的税收能够用于环境保护，比如研发新能源替代污染燃料，或是更强的垃圾处理系统或者废气废水的净化系统，进而减少污染保护环境。
然后来看坏处。
一是城市人口增加，会产生更多的住房需求，因此政府不得不将更多土地用于建设新的房屋，减少了公园、绿植等占有率，这对于城市的自然环境是不利的。
二是城市人口的增加会产生更多的交通需求，私家车增多会伴随着更多废气和噪音，进而加重了空气污染和噪音污染。
三是大量的城市居民还会产生大量的生活垃圾，这些垃圾如果处理不当，则会污染当地的水和土地。即使投入新的垃圾处理系统，但如果垃圾数量过多超出了处理的极限，同样会产生上述问题。
3、提纲
4、高分范文示例
The past few decades have witnessed a rising tide of people migrating from countries to big cities. While urban expansion may have some positive effects, I believe that the harm to the environment is much more serious.
The main disadvantage of this trend is the increased possibility of environmental pollution. On the one hand, a growing number of residents living in the cities will definitely produce more household waste than before, adding to the burden of refuse disposal. As a result, garbage processing will aggravate air pollution and land degradation since it necessitates burning and dumping. On the other hand, new city arrivals who need to commute every day contribute to even greater usage of private vehicles, whose gas emissions would intensify air pollution and worsen the ecological condition. Additionally, in order to accommodate more citizens, limited natural green spaces tend to be occupied for the construction of houses and office buildings, which might cause unintentional damage to the urban ecosystem.
Some people may argue that the influx of new migrants would boost the local economy, so that the authorities would have more revenues accumulated for environmental preservation measures such as developing alternative energy or optimizing ways of waste disposal. However, there is no fundamental solution to a problem caused by a dense population, let alone an approach to dealing with the environmental damage that is by nature irreversible. Even if a brand-new waste disposal system is implemented, problems will still occur when the amount of waste far exceeds the system’s capacity to handle it.
In conclusion, I believe that when a large group of people move from countrysides to cities, it is more likely to cause environmental problems that are irreparable.
5、相关词汇和语法结构
migrate 移居
refuse disposal 垃圾处理
dumping 倾倒（垃圾）
aggravate 加剧
air contamination 空气污染
gas emission 尾气排放
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