全球青年物理学家锦标赛(IYPT)

International Young Physicists' Tournament (IYPT)全球青年物理学家锦标赛,也被称为“Physics World Cup(物理世界杯)”,是一个需要中学生组队参赛的科学竞赛。自1988 年起,一年一度的 IYPT 从一个苏联地方性俄语的竞赛逐渐成长为一个全球最大最具声望的国际物理竞赛之一。

IYPT赛题提前一年公布,是一项开放性的比赛,没有固定答案,赛事不仅需要选手具有较高的物理学理论水平和实验技能,同时也要求选手的团队合作精神。由于疫情原因第33届IYPT比赛取消了,第34届IYPT已于2021年7月23-7月30日在巴基斯坦的拉合尔举办。
第 35 届 IYPT将在罗马尼亚的蒂米什瓦拉举行。

国际组织委员会(IOC)针对IYPT制定了17个题目,并且在十月份之前把题目发送给各参赛国。每个问题类似一个小的研究项目,很多问题都达到了大学高年级水平的学术要求,非常具有挑战性。所有被邀请参赛的国家或地区,包括主办国,只能派出一个代表队参赛。只有已经参与过往届赛事或者派考察员观摩过最近三届赛事中任意一届的国家才有资格参加这项比赛。每一个IYPT参赛队由五名中学生组成,中学毕业生在毕业学年的也可以参加,不允许大学生参加。
IYPT的比赛日程由主办国组织委员会确定,一般在5月到7月期间。在比赛前通过抽签分组,每一队要参加五轮选择性物理对抗赛(Selective PFs),一般的分组规则是:主办单位要在各队通过抽签分配序号之前预先公布初赛分组名单,并应避免交过手的两队重复再战。按照五轮对抗赛后成绩积分的高低,选出积分最高的三队,进入决赛(在每轮对抗赛中全部取得最高分且没有低于5分的评分亦可进入决赛)。
由于IYPT是国家级赛事且每个参赛国家仅只有一个团队代表,因此中国参赛队选拔将从 China Young Physicists’Tournament(CYPT)中国高中生物理创新竞赛中的优胜者组成。CYPT全程参考IYPT举办的全国性赛事,旨在提高学生综合运用所学知识分析解决实际物理问题的能力,培养学生的开放性思维能力。

竞赛亮点
团队合作:比赛和准备工作需要大量的团队合作。既要有组织的合作能力,又要有自己的工作安排能力,这是当今经济社会所需要的最重要的软技能之一。
研究:由于IYPT问题是以开放的方式提出的,因此它们提供了一种完美的方式来适应科学研究方法。解决IYPT问题可以找到一种方法来处理全新的问题和任务。
修辞技巧:修辞技巧是IYPT中非常重要的一个方面。将准备好的解决方案以一种令人信服和印象深刻的方式呈现出来是很重要的。此外,一个人需要自发地对他人的报告做出反应,并在极短的时间内准备好反对的演讲和讨论。IYPT提供了一个训练如何推销自己的最佳机会。
知识:解决IYPT问题可以学到很多科学知识。但是,与通常的科学课完全不同的是,由于更多的面向项目和实践的工作,故获得的知识更记忆深刻。除此之外,还会学习如何应用新知识。
国际机会:IYPT是一个访问另一个国家的绝佳机会,可以结识来自世界各地的年轻人并建立友谊。
语言技能:由于IYPT的官方语言是英语(对于大多数参与者而言,这是一门外语),因此它也提供了培训语言技能的绝佳机会。特别是可以学到很多技术术语和科学英语。

竞赛形式

比赛本身由几轮比赛组成,这几轮比赛被称为"Physics Fights"。前五轮比赛被称为 "选拔赛"。它们可以与足球比赛的小组赛阶段相提并论。所有队伍都要参加五场选拔赛。选拔赛后总分最高的三支队伍进入决赛,最终决出冠军队伍。
选拔赛
在比赛开始时,各队抽签组成小组,每组三队。如果队伍总数不能除以三,则组成一到两组,每组四支队伍。每组进行第一次选拔赛(平行)。之后,各队根据抽签决定的方案进行分组比赛。这个过程重复进行,直到所有的选拔赛结束。

申请要求
IYPT条件要求:
每个受邀国家仅由一个团队代表参加IYPT。每个团队由5名中学生组成,学生可以是本国国籍或者在自己代表的国家上学,且其中一名领队需在PF环节中作为团队官方代表,每个队需有1-2名领队,申请费为1500欧元每队
CYPT条件要求:
省、市级重点中学高二、高三理科学生,须经所在学校正式推荐,由学校组队,自愿报名,每队3-6人,其中一名为队长报名以中学为单位统一报名,每校原则上限报一队,报名材料需以邮寄形式寄出,报名费1500元一人,食宿与旅费白理。

奖项设置
奖杯:决赛中胜出的队伍
第一名证书及金牌:所有参与决赛的队伍
第二名证书及银牌:未参加决赛中排名前五的团队
第三名证书及铜牌:所有完成决赛的学生排名前50%的团队
参与证书:所有剩余学生都将获得团队排名

2022年第35届的17个问题
Problems for the 35th IYPT 2022
Released by the IOC on July 14th, 2021.
Please refer to the official and signed pdf as the authoritative source.
Invent Yourself
Create a non-invasive device that determines the direction of fluid flow inside an opaque pipe. Optimise your device so that you can measure the smallest flow possible.
Rayleigh Disk
A disk suspended vertically by a thin thread is placed in an acoustic field. This device can be used to measure the intensity of sound by turning about the axis of the thread. Investigate the accuracy of such a device.
Ring on the Rod
A washer on a vertical steel rod may start spinning instead of simply sliding down. Study the motion of the washer and investigate what determines the terminal velocity.
Unsinkable Disk
A metal disk with a hole at its centre sinks in a container filled with water. When a vertical water jet hits the centre of the disc, it may float on the water surface. Explain this
phenomenon and investigate the relevant parameters.
Bimetallic Oscillator
A simple electric oscillator can be made using a bimetallic contact-breaker. Investigate the relevant parameters that affect the frequency of such an oscillator.
Tennis Ball Tower
Build a tower by stacking tennis balls using three balls per layer and a single ball on top. Investigate the structural limits and the stability of such a tower. How does the situation change when more than three balls per each layer and a suitable number of balls on the top layer are used?
Three-Sided Dice
To land a coin on its side is often associated with the idea of a rare occurrence. What should be the physical and geometrical characteristics of a cylindrical dice so that it has the same probability to land on its side and one of its faces?
Equipotential Lines
Place two electrodes into water, supply a safe voltage and use a voltmeter to determine electric potential at various locations. Investigate how the measured equipotential lines deviate from your expectations for different conditions and liquids.
Water Spiral
If a stream of liquid is launched through a small hole, then under certain conditions it twists into a spiral. Explain this phenomenon and investigate the conditions under which the spiral will twist.
Droplet Explosion
When a drop of a water mixture (e.g. water-alcohol) is deposited on the surface of a hydrophobic liquid (e.g. vegetable oil), the resulting drop may sometimes fragment
into smaller droplets. Investigate the parameters that affect the fragmentation and the size of the final droplets.
Balls on an Elastic Band
Connect two metal balls with an elastic band, then twist the elastic band and put the balls on a table. The balls will begin to spin in one direction, then in the other. Explain this
phenomenon and investigate how the behaviour of such a “pendulum” depends on the relevant parameters.
Strange Motion
Sprinkle small floating particles on the surface of water in a bowl. Bring a strong magnet above and near to the water surface. Explain any observed motion of the particles.
Candle Powered Turbine
A paper spiral suspended above a candle starts to rotate. Optimise the setup for maximum torque.
Ball on Membrane
When dropping a metal ball on a rubber membrane stretched over a plastic cup, a sound can be heard. Explain the origin of this sound and explore how its characteristics
depend on relevant parameters.
Boycott Effect
If particles are suspended in a liquid that has a lower density than the particles, the particles will settle to the bottom of the container. The rate of settling can be affected
by tilting the container that holds the liquid. Explain this phenomenon and investigate the effect of relevant parameters.
Saving Honey
When rotating a rod coated with a viscous liquid (e.g. honey), under certain conditions the liquid will stop draining. Investigate this phenomenon.
Invisibility
Lenticular lenses can be used to distort light and make objects disappear. Investigate how changing the properties of the lens and the geometry of the object affect the extent
to which the object can be detected.
官网链接:https://www.iypt.org/

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