对于刚接触GCSE或者IGCSE数学的同学们来说,除了需要花时间把一些数学专业术语中英文对照起来,另一个影响成绩的重要因素就是审题。审题第一步首先要准确把握问题中的指令词。
今天我们为大家总结在GCSE(或IGCSE)数学的问题、或试卷中高频出现的一些指令词,将帮助我们准确理解题意。
Calculate计算
A calculator and some working will be needed.
需要用到计算器,并且体现计算步骤
Change转换
Usually convert from one unit to another;either using known metric unit conversions or the use of a conversion graph.
一般是单位换算的问题,比如Change 35 cm to mm.
Complete完成
Fill in missing values.
填空,补充缺失的数据。举个例子:
Describe描述
Write a sentence that gives the features ofthe situation.
书写一个句子来描述问题中的情况比如:
Draw画图
Produce an accurate drawing (unless asketch is being drawn).
精确作图。
比如说给定一个函数,在坐标系中精确画出对应的图像,而不是画草图。
Draw a sketch of...
Sketch
做草图
Produce a drawing that does not have to bedrawn to scale or a graph that is drawn without working out each coordinate.
画一个草图,不必要依照准确的比例,或者不需要通过精确地点坐标来作图,一般是趋势图、示意图。
Expand展开
Remove brackets.
意思就是去掉表达式中的括号。
Expand and simplify
展开和化简
Remove brackets and the collect like terms.
展开表达式,去掉表达式中的括号,并且合并同类项,化简表达式。
Explain解释
Write a sentence or a mathematicalstatement to show how you got to your answer or reached your conclusion.
需要书写一个句子或者数学陈述来说明是怎么得到答案或者结论的。
Express表达
Re-write in another form, some working maybe needed.
重新写成另一种形式,可能需要书写步骤。
举个例子,
Factorise因式分解
Insert brackets by taking out commonfactors.
通过提取全部公因式来对表达式插入括号
举个例子
Factorise fully
完全因式分解
Insert brackets by taking outallthe common factors.
通过提取全部公因式来对表达式插入括号
举个例子
Find找到
Some working will be needed to get to thefinal answer.
在找到最后答案的过程中需要写出步骤
Give a reason
给出一个原因
Must be clear and accurate reasons.
If the reasons are geometrical then makesure you:
- provide a reason for each stage ofworking (if required),
- use correct geometric terminology.
一定是清晰、准确的原因。
如果原因是几何的,那么要确保:
提供每一步的原因;运用正确的几何术语。
Justify
证明
Show all working and/or give a writtenexplanation.
书写完整的证明步骤
Prove
证明
More formal than ‘show’, all steps must bepresent.
In the case of a geometrical proof, reasons must be given.
比show更正式,一定要书写所有的步骤。
在几何证明中,原因也要写明。
Prove algebraically
代数证明
Use algebra in the proof.
证明过程中使用代数。
Show
显示
All working needed to get to a given answeror complete adiagram to show given information.
这是在数学、物理课程中非常常见的一个单词。在得到指定答案或者完整一个图表来显示给出的信息。
Simplify
化简
Simplify the given expression
化简给定的表达式
Simplify fully
完全化简
Simplify the given expression.
Answer mustbe given in its simplest form.
化简给定的表达式,答案一定是最简形式。
Solve
求解
Find the solution of an equation orinequality.
找到一个等式或不等式的答案
Solve algebraically
代数求解
Find the solution of an equation orinequality; algebraic manipulation must be shown.
找到一个等式或不等式的答案,代数求解过程一定要显示
Write down
写下来
No working is needed.
这样的问题不需要写步骤
Write
书写
No working needed for 1 mark questions.
Working may be needed questions with morethan 1 mark.
一般是1分的问题,不需要书写答题步骤。
需要书写步骤的问题分值通常大于1分。
Work out 算出
Some working will be needed in order to getthe answer.
为了算出答案需要书写做题步骤