Chapter 1 History and Approaches
考试分析：本章主要介绍⼼理学发展史、重要的⼼理学家以及⼼理学研究的领域等。这部分内容在AP ⼼理学考试中主要以MCQ的⽅式出现。本章难度⽐较简单，建议在学习的时候通过思维导图来梳理知识脉络，帮助记忆。
Chapter 2 Methods
考试分析：本章是⼼理学考试中⾮常重要的部分，要求学⽣掌握：
1、相关的研究⽅法及其特征；
2、⼼理学相关的伦理要求；
3、⼼理学相关的统计学知识。
从⽽达到对现有的⼼理学研究进⾏分析和评估的⽔平。这部分会以MCQ和FRQ的形式进⾏考试，⽽且考试⼤纲明确指出，这部分内容会出FRQ的题⽬。难度较⼤。
AP心理学单词1---Scientific Foundations
Chapter 1 History and Approaches
Introspection
Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalytic theory
Behaviorism
Humanist perspective
Psychoanalytic perspective
Biopsychology (or neuroscience) perspective
Evolutionary (or Darwinian) perspective
Behavioral perspective
Cognitive perspective
Social-cultural (or sociocultural) perspective
Key People
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Mary Whiton Calkins
Margaret Floy Washburn
G. Stanley Hall
MaxWertheimer
Sigmund Freud
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B. F. Skinner
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Charles Darwin
Jean Piaget
Chapter 2 Methods
Hindsight bias
Applied research
Basic research
Hypothesis
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Theory
Operational definition
Validity
Reliability
Sampling
Sample
Population
Representative sample
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
Experiment—laboratory and field
Confounding variables—participant- and situation-relevant
Random assignment
Controls
Group matching
Experimenter bias
Double-blind procedure
Single-blind procedure
Response or participant bias
Social desirability
Hawthorne effect
Placebo method
Correlations—positive and negative
Naturalistic observation
Case study method
Survey method
Response rate
Descriptive statistics
Frequency distribution
Measures of central tendency—mean, median,mode
Extreme scores or outliers
Positive versus negative skew
Measures of variability—range, standard deviation, variance z score
Normal curve
Correlation coefficient
Scatter plotLine of best fit/regression line
Inferential statistics
Sampling errorp value
Statistical significance
Institutional
Review
Board (IRB)
Coercion
Informed consent
Anonymity
Confidentiality
Debriefing
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