AS经济Essay：a问结构解析 (i)

新考纲下，AS经济Essay的a问，都有一个加粗的and.

我们要做的，就是先回答and前面的内容，再回答and后面的内容。

这里有2种不同的结构：

-and前面是AO1，and后面是AO2+AO3; 我把这种结构称为3+5.

- and前面是AO1+AO2，and后面是AO3; 我把这种结构称为6+2.

两种结构，对应的答题方式是不一样的。

今天我们来讲3+5的写作结构，下一篇推送我们来讲6+2的写作结构.

这类考题，AO1比较清晰：你只需要回答and前面的部分即可。

而and后面的内容，答题结构取决于evaluation的要求。

1. Weigh up arguments and come to a judgement

这类题是比较常见的，大家要做的事情是在AO2给出至少2个arguments(3)，然后在AO3给出一个evaluative comment(1)，并给出一个justified conclusion(1).

需要注意的是，conclusion只需要回答and后面的内容。

这类题的关键词有以下几个: more,most,whether...can/always

23S1 With the help of an AD/AS diagram(s), explain cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation in an economy and consider in what circumstances one may be more damaging than the other. [8]

AO2：解释2种inflation的问题（a问不用写好处）

AO3：讨论谁更damaging

23SP With the help of a formula, explain the meaning of price elasticity of supply and consider which factors are most important in determining whether the price elasticity of supply for a good is likely to be relatively elastic or relatively inelastic. [8]

AO2：解释影响PES的三个因素

AO3：讨论哪些因素是最重要的

23F2 Explain the possible economic reasons for inequality of income and consider whether inequality of income can benefit an economy. [8]

AO2：解释income inequality的好处坏处

AO3：讨论income inequality到底好不好

23W1 Explain the reasons why governments impose taxes and consider whether an increase in income tax is fairer than an increase in sales taxes. [8]

AO2：解释income tax和sales tax分别是不是fair

AO3：讨论谁更fair

对于这类题，AO3是自己的观点，没有正确答案，只要解释的清楚即可。

然而CIE还有一类比较坑的题，看着也是比较arguments，但其实是有正确答案的。

23S2 With the help of a diagram(s), explain what is meant by consumer surplus and producer surplus and consider whether a rise in the price of a product because of higher costs of production is likely to always reduce the consumer surplus. [8]

我们看到whether...always 就会这么进行plan:

AO2：CS会下降/CS不会下降

AO3：讨论CS到底会不会下降

然而你马上就会发现，S下降，价格上升，CS是一定下降的呀？

因此，这里AO2无法给出两边的arguments，我们要做的是根据PED讨论谁下降的多（supply shift要讨论PED，CIE考试套路，没那么多为什么，请自觉遵守）。

而在AO3，我们需要说明为什么CS是一定下降的，并且给出结论。

23W2 With the help of examples, explain the difference between free goods and public goods and consider the view that public goods can never be provided in a market economy. [8]

我们看到consider the view，就会想到先说他是对的，再说他是错误的，然后讨论是不是对的。

但public good没法被market economy生产是个正确的观点啊？

因此，我们在AO2就要详细的解释free-rider problem，指出private firm不会生产，需要政府介入，然后在AO3给出一个结论：market economy无法生产public goods.

2.Evaluate the framework

这一类题，我们会在AO2回答一个经济书上的知识点，然后在AO3讨论实际情况是不是这样。这里关键词并不固定，大家需要自己判断。

23W2 With the help of a formula, explain what is meant by the term price elasticity of demand for product and consider the extent to which it allows an entrepreneur to determine the effect of price changes on the total expenditure on their product. [8]

AO2：解释价格上升/下降，不同的PED对应怎样的TR变化。

AO3：讨论实际情况是不是这样

3. Extent of change

这一类题，我们会在AO2回答一个variable的变化，然后在AO3讨论变化的程度。题目的关键词当然就是the extent of change.

23S2 With the help of a diagram(s), explain what is meant by equilibrium in a market and consider the extent to which the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity are likely to change for a product following an increase in the wages for labour across the whole economy. [8]

AO2：解释工资上升，不同的商品P和Q会怎么变

AO3：讨论P和Q到底会变多少

4. Consider which policy is more effective

这个看着也是比较两个arguments，但我要单独拿出来说。

原因在于，在新考纲下，无论是a问和b问，只要CIE让你比较两个policy，AO2都必须包含两个policy的正反面讨论。

23W1 Explain the difference between an import tariff and an import quota and consider why a government would choose an import tariff rather than an import quota as a tool of protection in international trade. [8]

AO2：tariff的好处/坏处；quota的好处坏处

AO3：解释为什么gov选择tariff.

5. Provide a one-sided argument

Essay的a问，还有一些题只需要经济知识的解释。

这类题通常都没有more,always, most,whether, extent, never之类的关键词

23F2 Explain the functions of price in resource allocation and consider the importance of these functions in relation to the potential effectiveness of a market economy. [8]

当你看到题目不知道要ev什么的时候，ms可能仅仅包含知识点的解释。

AS经济Essay：a问结构解析 (i)