CAIE Alevel physics(9702)
考点:wave interference(波的干涉)
两个波达到某点P,在P点处发生superposition,叠加后产生的是constructive interference还是destructive interference取决于两者的resultant phase difference或者path difference。
具体判断依据见表格:
phase difference | path difference |
resultant amplitude | interference |
in phase | even number of half wavelength | maximum | constructive |
antiphase or 180° out of phase | odd number of half wavelength | minimum or zero | destructive |
注意:
不论是讨论phase difference还是path difference都要叠加两个波源最初振动的phase或path difference。
例题:
(s19_13 Q28)
答案:D
涉及考点:
❶ wave interference(见上述讨论)
❷ light intensity∝amplitide2
解析:
A:两束波发出的时候本身有phase difference 1=180°。到达P的path difference为0.5λ,phase difference 2=180°。两者叠加后的phase difference=360°,也就是in phase。因此P点为constructive interference,对应的应该是maximum intensity。
B:两束波起始in phase,phase difference1=0。到达P点path difference=λ,对应phase difference2=0。因此两者叠加后的phase difference还是0,in phase。也就是P点是constructive interference,maximum intensity。
C:两束波起始的phase difference1=90°。到达P点path difference=λ,对应phase difference2=0。因此两者叠加后的phase difference=90°,90° out of phase。也就是P点既非maximum也非zero intensity。
D:两束波起始in phase,phase difference=0。到达P点path difference=0.5λ,对应phase difference=180°。因此两者叠加后的phase difference是180°,out of phase。也就是P点是destructive interference,两个波完全抵消了,zero intensity。因此答案为D。 E