今年武外英中AS年级秋季期中考试经济试卷包含了15道选择题,知识涵盖Chapter2-3,整体难度适中。小编挑选了几道相关的经典题型来给大家做解析,让我们一起温故而知新吧~
01、Price mechanism
价格机制
【常见题型】
【正确答案】D
【思路点拨】图像展现的是4天的不同停车需求,(已知)停车位的供给是固定的,可从图中推断出不同时间的平衡价格: Day1对应的是P1,Day2对应的是P2,Day3对应的是P3,Day4对应的是P4。题目要求找出符合价格机制的定价政策,也就是找出能包含所有平衡价格的定价政策。因此选择包含P1-P4的价格即可。
02、Market equilibrium
市场平衡
【常见题型】
【正确答案】B
【思路点拨】本题的考点比较隐晦。从题目表象来看是考市场平衡,但其实关键点是long-run equilibrium中的‘ long-run’。
考生须要运用时间周期对供需的影响推断出新的平衡位置。首先从需求来看,当给足时间周期,人们可以找到更多的替代品,需求将会变得更加富有弹性,而弹性需求在需求线上的表现形式为斜率小,demand curve比较平滑。从供给来看,同样给出足够长的时间,公司可以在此期间建立仓库,投资设备从而增加产能,那么供给将会变得更加富有弹性。
弹性供给在供给线上的表现形式为与价格轴相交。结合以上两个结论,可以推断出长期平衡位置为B点。
03、Market equilibrium (demand and supply shifters)
市场平衡(供需关系的变化)
【常见题型】
【难度系数】C
【思路点拨】题目考核是经典的影响供需关系的因素。题干中给出了一个变化因素:冰淇淋的原材料vanilla价格上升。 因此可以推断出冰淇淋的生产成本上升,那么在原来冰淇淋数量下,价格会有所上升,整体供给呈现减少的趋势,图像的表现为供给线左移。与此同时,需求没有任何变化,最终平衡位置从X移动到C。
04、Micro interventions (The incidence of tax)
微观干预(税收的归宿)
【常见题型】
【正确答案】C
【思路点拨】本题考核是移除间接税对于市场的影响。当间接税被移除后,公司在原来的价格基础上降低价格,整体供给增长,供给线呈现右移的趋势。对于消费者: 原来价格为$20的时候,消费者购买40件产品,整体消费$800。现在随着价格从原来的平衡价格$20下降到$18,消费者购买增加到60件,新的整体消费为$1080,总消费增加了$280。
对于政府:原来政府的单品税收价格为$5 ($20-$15), 总税收为$5 * 40= $200。现在移除税后后,政府的税收收入将减少$200。
05、Market equilibrium(Demand shifters)
市场平衡(影响需求的因素)
【常见题型】Explain, with the aid of a diagram, two factors which might cause and increase in the demand for foreign holidays and consider which factor is most important. [8]
【评分标准】
Up to 2 marks for Knowledge and Understanding
For correct diagram:Vertical axis correctly labelled: P/Price, horizontal axis correctly labelled: Q/Quantity and Demand and Supply curves correctly drawn and labelled(1 mark)Shift of the demand curve correctly drawn and labelled (1 mark)
Up to 4 marks for Application
Application of two factors to an increase in the demand for foreign holidaysExplanation of first factor (Up to 2marks)Explanation of second factor(Up to 2 marks)
Up to 2 marks for Evaluative conclusion
Evaluation the importance of the factor (Up to 2 marks)
【写作思路】
影响需求的因素包括:收入改变,相关产品价格变化,消费偏好改变,预期变化等。例如收入上升,大家的购买能力随之增强,对出境旅游的需求变多。该影响程度取决于收入上调幅度,当收入上涨幅度偏小的时候,人们更倾向于境内旅游而不是境外旅游。
06、Elasticities(PED & YED)
弹性(价格弹性与收入弹性)
【常见题型】
Discuss whether an understanding of price elasticity of demand is of more benefit to a producer of agricultural goods than an understanding of income elasticity of demand. [12]
【评分标准】
For Analysis:That explains how an understanding of price elasticity might benefit producers which might include reference to the strengths and/or weaknesses of this measure.(Up to 4 marks).That explains how an understanding of income elasticity might benefit producers which might include reference to the strengths and/or weaknesses of this measure.(Up to 4 marks)
For Evaluation: That exercises some judgement in considering which type of elasticity would be most beneficial for a producer. This must make use of the analysis that is offered. There must be a conclusion for full marks.(Up to 4 marks)
【写作思路】写作框架整体分为以下几个部分:
1. 介绍基本概念: Price elasticity of demand以及Income elasticity of demand.
2. 讨论PED的实用性:Price elasticity would inform a producer of the impact of price changes upon total revenue.
3. 讨论YED的实用性:Income elasticity would inform the producer of the appropriate goods to produce as incomes change. For example, if incomes are falling the producer might plant agricultural products with negative elasticity.
4. 评估性的结论:Evaluative comment might comment on the fact that price elasticity would have a more immediate effect whereas income elasticity is of more long-term benefit to producers because it takes time for the new crops to be harvested.